内置开孔隔墙高速铁路隧道列车车体压力波动特征

为研究内置开孔隔墙隧道内列车车体压力波动特征,基于有限体积方法的流体力学计算软件建立了非定常可压缩三维流动模型,对内置开孔隔墙高速铁路隧道内列车车体压力进行了计算分析。结果表明:隧道内置开孔隔墙后:①车体压力波形基本与无隔墙时一致,但波动程度加剧且出现有规律的周期振荡;②隔墙开孔间距和开孔面积对车体压力波的影响明显;③车体压力波幅值与车速成正相关关系,但其振荡周期与车速成反比;④相对于单车,列车对向运行时车体压力波明显增大,但两者的差值随着开孔间距的增大、开孔面积的减小和隧道长度的增加而减小。     

玉米1,3,4-三磷酸肌醇5/6 激酶ITPK家族基因的鉴定和分析

 1,3,4-三磷酸肌醇5/6-激酶(ITPK)是一种在动物、植物、线虫中都比较保守的多功能酶, 在生物信号传导及生长发育中起重要作用。为了充分研究玉米中ITPK 家族基因系统分析、全生育期基因表达模式及逆境胁迫表达模式, 利用玉米基因组数据库, 通过生物信息学手段, 鉴定玉米ITPK 家族基因的全序列、定位和编码蛋白, 通过序列比对进行进化和分类分析。利用玉米高通量芯片表达数据进行组织表达差异性、干旱胁迫和病害胁迫表达谱分析。结果表明, 玉米基因组中含有6 个ITPK 家族基因, 分布于玉米的4 条染色体上。MEME 保守结构域分析显示, ZmITPK1-5 均含有3 个保守的ATP-grasp-4 结构域, ZmITPK6 含有两个ATP-grasp-4 保守结构域。进化树分析表明ZmITPK 可分为3 个亚家族。各个发育阶段中, 多数成员在生殖器官或营养器官中均有较高的表达量, 只有ZmITPK1 在所有器官中表达量都不高。ZmITPK2 和ZmITPK3 基因受干旱胁迫处理诱导不同程度上调表达。而在生物胁迫条件下均无显著上调或下调表达。     

出砂量对射孔套管力学性能的分析计算

油井生产中地层出砂会严重影响射孔套管的力学性能,造成套管损坏。建立射孔套管在出砂层段的三维力学有限元模型,应用Ansys有限元软件分析该出砂层段射孔套管力学性能。研究认为,在出砂地层射孔套管力学性能变化较大,表现为射孔处套管的抗挤强度减小,套管最大应力在射孔处产生。均匀载荷下,套管应力与地层中出砂高度成抛物线关系,生产中应减小或增加出砂量达到远离出砂高度临界值,以减小套管应力。非均匀载荷下,随着出砂量增加,产生的空洞高度增加,套管的应力逐渐减小。因此,在非均匀载荷下,应提高出砂量以增加空洞高度,达到提高套管的抗挤强度,延长套管使用期限。     

爆炸冲击作用下射孔管柱动力学响应试验

针对射孔段管柱爆炸冲击动态响应问题,建立了地面模拟试验测试系统;并对射孔管柱端部的压力和加速度响应进行测试。测试结果表明:爆轰产物对管柱端面形成反复的冲击作用,且随着爆轰产物从射孔孔洞释放冲击压力不断衰减。射孔冲击载荷对枪管的非对称加载特性导致射孔枪管端部的轴向和径向振动,以及枪管整体的向下运动和翻转运动。轴向加速度振动幅值最高;但衰减较快,响应时间短,枪管向下的运动速度最大;径向加速度振动幅值衰减较为缓慢,且响应时间较长。研究对射孔段管柱爆炸冲击动态响应特性获得了初步的认识,可为进一步的研究提供有益的参考。     

网眼罗拉型集聚纺集聚区须条集聚机理分析

为深入研究网眼罗拉型集聚纺系统中纤维须条在流场作用下的运动规律,建立了集聚区域的计算流体动力学(CFD)模型,并运用Fluent软件对该区域的流场进行数值计算,然后建立了纤维微元在气流场中的动力学模型,利用自编的Matlab程序对其进行求解,最后获得了纤维在集聚区的运动轨迹.研究结果表明不同初始位置的纤维运动轨迹能够反映须条的集聚规律;气流的横向作用力能够使须条在集聚方向上发生集聚;上层纤维较网眼罗拉表面的纤维集聚速度快;y轴向气流力使须条贴伏在网眼罗拉表面.     

横流穿孔管消声器声学及阻力特性的数值分析

横流穿孔管消声器具有较宽的消声频带和良好的消声性能,被广泛应用于汽车排气噪声控制。本文应用三维数值分析方法,研究了横流穿孔管消声器的声学及阻力特性。得出如下结论:穿孔率是影响声学和阻力损失的最重要参数;穿孔直径对声学性能影响较小但对阻力损失影响较大;膨胀腔尺寸和气流速度的改变对声学和阻力损失都产生一定的影响。     

Study on Airflow Field of Condensing Zone in Compact Spinning System with Perforated Drum

Negative pressure plays a very important role in compact spinning system. To know airflow field and its distribution is helpful to look into the condensing principle of fiber bundle. Therefore, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was used to simulate airflow field in this paper. Airflow velocity distributions both in different fiber layers and under different negative pressures were discussed. The results indicate that airflow velocity in upper layer of the fiber bundle is greater than that in lower layer.Airflow velocities in both X and Y axis directions have a positive correlation with negative pressure. It can provide a theoretical base to make high quality compact yarns in productive practice.     

相容双有限Domain的几个性质

在相容双有限domain概念及其等价性质的基础上,证明了几个与相容双有限domain相关的结论：相容双有限domain在Scott连续映射下的像仍是相容双有限domain;相容双有限domain的非空Scott闭子集仍是相容双有限domain等.     

转动面内场作用下普通硬磁泡畴壁中垂直布洛赫线的消失

通过实验研究了转动面内场作用下普通硬磁泡(OHB)畴壁中垂直布洛赫线(VBL)的消失规律.结果发现,转动面内场作用下OHB畴壁中VBL的消失存在一个临界面内场范围[H(0)ip,Hip′],比不转动面内场时的临界面内场明显变窄,主要是由Hip′的迅速下降引起的.证明了面内场作用下VBL的最易消失方向为面内场与畴壁垂直的方向.     

Relationship between action potential, contraction-relaxation pattern, and intracellular Ca2+ transient in cardiomyocytes of dogs with chronic heart failure

Abnormalities of contractile function have been identified in cardiomyocytes isolated from failed human hearts and from hearts of animals with experimentally induced heart failure (HF). The mechanism(s) responsible for these functional abnormalities are not fully understood. In the present study, we examined the relationship between action potential duration, pattern of contraction and relaxation, and associated intracellular Ca²⁺ transients in single cardiomyocytes isolated from the left ventricle (LV) of dogs (n = 7) with HF produced by multiple sequential intracoronary microembolizations. Comparisons were made with LV cardiomyocytes isolated from normal dogs. Action potentials were measured in isolated LV cardiomyocytes by perforated patch clamp, Ca²⁺ transients by fluo 3 probe fluorescence, and cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation by edge movement detector. HF cardiomyocytes exhibited an abnormal pattern of contraction and relaxation characterized by an attenuated initial twitch (spike) followed by a sustained contracture ('dome') of 1 to 8 s in duration and subsequent delayed relaxation. This pattern was more prominent at low stimulation rates (58% at 0.2 Hz, n = 211, 21% at 0.5 Hz, n = 185). Measurements of Ca²⁺ transients in HF cardiomyocytes at 0.2 Hz manifested a similar spike and dome configuration. The dome phase of both the contraction/relaxation pattern and Ca²⁺ transients seen in HF cardiomyocytes coincided with a sustained plateau of the action potential. Shortening of the action potential duration by administration of saxitoxin (100 nM) or lidocaine (30 μM) reduced the duration of the dome phase of both the contraction/relaxation profile as well as that of the Ca²⁺ transient profile. An increase of stimulation rate up to 1 Hz caused shortening of the action potential and disappearance of the spike-dome profile in the majority of HF cardiomyocytes. In HF cardiomyocytes, the action potential and Ca²⁺ transient duration were not significantly different from those measured in normal cells. However, the contraction-relaxation cycle was significantly longer in HF cells (314 ± 67 ms, n = 21, vs. 221 ± 38 ms, n = 46, mean ± SD), indicating impaired excitation-contraction uncou pling in HF cardiomyocytes. The results show that, in cardiomyocytes isolated from dogs with HF, contractile abnormalities and abnormalities of intracellular Ca²⁺ transients at low stimulation rates are characterized by a spike-dome configuration. This abnormal pattern appears to result from prolongation of the action potential. Received 22 January 1998; received after revision 16 March 1998; accepted 27 March 1998